Semantic Systems / Language / Glyphs

ᚻᛁᛋᛏᚩᚱᛁᚳᚪᛚ ᚱᛖᛈᚩᚱᛏ: ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚳᛖ 1940-2026

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Category: Semantic Systems / Language / Glyphs
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Semantic Systems / Language / Glyphs
Semantic Systems
Language
Glyphs
AI
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ᛖᛉᛖᚳᚢᛏᛁᚡᛖ ᛋᚢᛗᛗᚪᚱᚣ

ᛏᚻᛁᛋ ᚱᛖᛈᚩᚱᛏ ᛈᚱᚩᚡᛁᛞᛖᛋ ᚪ ᛞᛖᛖᛈᛚᚣ ᛋᚩᚢᚱᚳᛖᛞ ᚻᛁᛋᛏᚩᚱᛁᚳᚪᛚ ᚳᚩᚱᛈᚢᛋ ᚩᚠ ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚳᛖ, ᛏᚱᚪᚳᛁᚾᚷ ᛞᛖᚡᛖᛚᚩᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏᛋ ᚠᚱᚩᛗ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚠᚩᚢᚾᛞᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾᚪᛚ ᛖᚱᚪ ᚩᚠ cybernetics ᛏᚻᚱᚩᚢᚷᚻ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛖᛗᛖᚱᚷᛖᚾᚳᛖ ᚩᚠ inference-time reasoning ᚪᚾᛞ autonomous research systems. ᚪᛚᛚ ᛖᛉᛈᛚᚪᚾᚪᛏᚩᚱᚣ ᛈᚱᚩᛋᛖ ᛁᛋ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛏᛖᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛋ, ᚹᚻᛁᛚᛖ ᛖᛉᚪᚳᛏ ᚾᚪᛗᛖᛋ, ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚳᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᛗᛖᛏᚪᛞᚪᛏᚪ ᚱᛖᛗᚪᛁᚾ ᚢᚾᚪᛚᛏᛖᚱᛖᛞ. ᛏᚻᛖ ᛖᚡᚩᛚᚢᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ artificial intelligence ᚱᛖᚡᛖᚪᛚᛋ ᚳᚣᚳᛚᛁᚳᚪᛚ ᛈᚪᛏᛏᛖᚱᚾᛋ ᚩᚠ ᚩᛈᛏᛁᛗᛁᛋᛗ ᚠᚩᛚᛚᚩᚹᛖᛞ ᛒᚣ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᛁᚾᚷ ᚳᚩᛚᛚᚪᛈᛋᛖ. ᚠᚩᚱ ᛁᚾᛋᛏᚪᚾᚳᛖ, ᛏᚻᛖ ALPAC Report ᚩᚠ 1966 ᚳᚱᚢᛋᚻᛖᛞ ᛖᚪᚱᛚᚣ machine translation1, ᛞᛖᛗᚩᚾᛋᛏᚱᚪᛏᛁᚾᚷ ᚻᚩᚹ ᛁᚾᛋᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᚩᚾᚪᛚ ᛗᛖᛏᚱᛁᚳᛋ ᛞᛁᚳᛏᚪᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛋᛖᚪᚱᚳᚻ ᚡᛁᚪᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᚣ. ᛋᛁᛗᛁᛚᚪᚱᛚᚣ, ᛏᚻᛖ Strategic Computing Initiative ᚠᚪᛁᛚᛖᛞ ᛏᚩ ᚪᚳᚻᛁᛖᚡᛖ artificial general intelligence ᛒᚣ 1993, ᛈᚱᛖᚳᛁᛈᛁᛏᚪᛏᛁᚾᚷ ᚪᚾᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱ ᚹᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱ3. ᚻᚩᚹᛖᚡᛖᚱ, ᛏᚻᛖᛋᛖ ᚠᚪᛁᛚᚢᚱᛖᛋ ᚠᚩᚱᚳᛖᛞ ᚪ ᛈᚪᚱᚪᛞᛁᚷᛗ ᛋᚻᛁᚠᛏ ᚠᚱᚩᛗ symbolic AI ᛏᚩᚹᚪᚱᛞᛋ statistical learning ᚪᚾᛞ connectionism. ᛏᚻᛖ ᛏᚱᚪᚾᛋᛁᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛏᚩ deep learning ᚹᚪᛋ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛈᛁᚾᚾᛖᛞ ᛒᚣ hardware acceleration ᚪᚾᛞ backpropagation. ᚪᛚᛏᚻᚩᚢᚷᚻ Seppo Linnainmaa ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚱᛖᚡᛖᚱᛋᛖ ᛗᚩᛞᛖ ᚩᚠ automatic differentiation ᛁᚾ 19705, ᛁᛏ ᚱᛖᛢᚢᛁᚱᛖᛞ ᛞᛖᚳᚪᛞᛖᛋ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚳᚩᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖ ᛏᚩ ᚳᚪᛏᚳᚻ ᚢᛈ. ᛏᚻᛖ ᚪᛈᛈᛚᛁᚳᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ GPUs ᛏᚩ neural networks ᛒᚣ Kyoung-Su Oh ᚪᚾᛞ Keechul Jung ᛁᚾ 2004 ᛚᚪᛁᛞ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚷᚱᚩᚢᚾᛞᚹᚩᚱᚴ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛏᚻᛖ ImageNet ᛒᚱᛖᚪᚴᛏᚻᚱᚩᚢᚷᚻᛋ7.

ᛏᚻᛖ ᛞᛖᚳᚩᚢᛈᛚᛁᚾᚷ ᚩᚠ ᛗᛖᛗᚩᚱᚣ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᚩᛗᛈᚢᛏᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ

ᛏᚻᛖ ᛁᛋᚩᚚᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ ᛈᚪᚱᚪᛗᛖᛏᚱᛁᚳ ᛗᛖᛗᚩᚱᚣ ᛈᚱᚩᛗᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛞᛖᚡᛖᚚᚩᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚩᚠ Retrieval-Augmented Generation ᛒᚣ Patrick Lewis ᛁᚾ 20209. ᛏᚻᛁᛋ ᚪᛚᛚᚩᚹᛖᛞ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚᛋ ᛏᚩ ᚪᚳᚳᛖᛋᛋ ᚾᚩᚾ-ᛈᚪᚱᚪᛗᛖᛏᚱᛁᚳ ᛞᚪᛏᚪᛒᚪᛋᛖᛋ, ᛗᛁᛏᛁᚷᚪᛏᛁᚾᚷ ᚻᚪᛚᛚᚢᚳᛁᚾᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ. ᛖᛉᛈᚪᚾᛞᛁᚾᚷ ᚩᚾ ᛏᚻᛁᛋ, Toolformer ᛞᛖᛗᚩᚾᛋᛏᚱᚪᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᚻᚪᛏ ᛚᚪᚾᚷᚢᚪᚷᛖ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚᛋ ᚳᚩᚢᛚᛞ ᛏᛖᚪᚳᚻ ᛏᚻᛖᛗᛋᛖᛚᚡᛖᛋ ᛏᚩ ᚢᛋᛖ ᛖᛉᛏᛖᚱᚾᚪᛚ APIs ᚡᛁᚪ ᛋᛁᛗᛈᛚᛖ ᛁᚾᛋᛏᚱᚢᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ11. ᛒᛖᚣᚩᚾᛞ ᛚᛁᚾᚷᚢᛁᛋᛏᛁᚳᛋ, ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚳᛖ ᚱᛖᚡᚩᛚᚢᛏᛁᚩᚾᛁᛣᛖᛞ ᛋᚳᛁᛖᚾᛏᛁᚠᛁᚳ ᛞᛁᛋᚳᚩᚡᛖᚱᚣ. AlphaFold 3, ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᛗᚪᚣ 2024, ᛖᛉᛏᛖᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᛋᛏᚱᚢᚳᛏᚢᚱᚪᛚ ᛈᚱᛖᛞᛁᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛏᚩ ᛒᛁᚩᛗᚩᛚᛖᚳᚢᛚᚪᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚪᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ, ᛖᚪᚱᚾᛁᚾᚷ ᛁᛏᛋ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᚩᚱᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ Nobel Prize13. ᛏᚻᛖ ᛚᛁᛗᛁᛏᛋ ᚩᚠ ᛈᚱᛖ-ᛏᚱᚪᛁᚾᛁᚾᚷ ᛋᚳᚪᛚᛖ ᚠᚩᚱᚳᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ. Kaplan's scaling laws ᚻᛁᛏ ᛖᚳᚩᚾᚩᛗᛁᚳ ᚹᚪᛚᛚᛋ15. ᛏᚻᛖ ᚠᛁᛖᛚᛞ ᛈᛁᚡᚩᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᚩ inference-time reasoning, ᚪᛋ ᛋᛖᛖᚾ ᛁᚾ o1 ᚪᚾᛞ DeepSeek-R116. ᛏᚻᛁᛋ ᛗᛖᚪᚾᛋ ᚳᚩᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛈᛖᚾᛏ ᛞᚢᚱᛁᚾᚷ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ, ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛁᚾᚷ ᚪ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚪᛉᛁᛋ ᚩᚠ ᛋᚳᚪᛚᛁᚾᚷ. ᚻᛁᛋᛏᚩᚱᛁᚳᚪᛚ ᚳᛚᚪᛁᛗᛋ ᚩᚠ ᛈᚱᛖᚳᛖᛞᛖᚾᚳᛖ ᚪᚱᛖ ᚩᚠᛏᛖᚾ ᛞᛁᛋᛈᚢᛏᛖᛞ. ᚹᚻᛁᛚᛖ Paul Werbos ᛁᛋ ᚳᚱᛖᛞᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᛏᚻ ᚪᛈᛈᚚᚣᛁᚾᚷ backpropagation ᛏᚩ ᚾᛖᚢᚱᚪᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᚴᛋ, Seppo Linnainmaa ᚠᚩᚱᛗᚪᛚᛁᛣᛖᛞ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚪᛚᚷᚩᚱᛁᛏᚻᛗ ᛁᚾ 19705. ᛋᛁᛗᛁᛚᚪᚱᚚᚣ, ᛏᚻᛖ ᛏᛖᚱᛗ artificial intelligence ᚹᚪᛋ ᛋᛏᚱᚪᛏᛖᚷᛁᚳᚪᛚᛚᚣ ᚳᚻᚩᛋᛖᚾ ᛒᚣ John McCarthy ᛏᚩ ᛞᛁᛋᛏᚪᚾᚳᛖ ᚻᛁᛋ ᚹᚩᚱᚴ ᚠᚱᚩᛗ Norbert Wiener'ᛋ cybernetics18.

ᛖᚡᛖᚾᛏ ᚳᚻᚱᚩᚾᚩᛚᚩᚷᚣ

ID	Date	People/Org	Artifact/System	Class	Pri/Sec Sources	Importance	Disputed?	Pred/Succ	Conf/Rel
E001	1943	McCulloch, Pitts	Logic Calculus	Model	Paper/Citations	Neural theory	No	None/SNARC	High/Brain
E002	1948	Norbert Wiener	Cybernetics	Book	Book/Citations	Control theory	Yes	None/Dartmouth	High/Turing
E003	1950	Alan Turing	Turing Test	Model	Paper/Citations	Evaluation	No	None/ELIZA	High/AI
E004	1951	Minsky, Edmonds	SNARC	Hardware	Paper/Citations	First NN	Yes	None/Perceptron	High/RL
E005	1954	Georgetown-IBM	MT System	Software	Press/Reports	Machine Translation	Yes	None/ALPAC	High/Linguistics
E006	Aug 1955	McCarthy, Shannon	AI Proposal	Proposal	Proposal/Archive	Coined AI	Yes	Cybernetics/Dartmouth	High/Minsky
E007	Jun 1956	Dartmouth College	Workshop	Event	Archive/History	Field founded	No	Proposal/MIT AI	High/Newell
E008	1956	Newell, Simon	Logic Theorist	Software	Paper/Citations	Symbolic logic	No	None/GPS	High/Prover
E009	1957	Newell, Simon	GPS	Software	Paper/Citations	Problem solving	No	Logic Theorist/SOAR	High/Symbolic
E010	1958	Frank Rosenblatt	Perceptron	Model	Psych Review/Book	Single-layer NN	Yes	SNARC/MLP	High/Vision
E011	1959	Arthur Samuel	Checkers	Software	Paper/Citations	RL	Yes	None/TD-Gammon	High/Games
E012	1960	Henry J. Kelley	Gradient Theory	Paper	Paper/Citations	Optimization	Yes	Calculus/Linnainmaa	High/Control
E013	1965	Edward Feigenbaum	DENDRAL	Software	Paper/Citations	Expert System	Yes	None/MYCIN	High/Chemistry
E014	1966	Joseph Weizenbaum	ELIZA	Software	Paper/Citations	NLP Chatbot	Yes	Turing/PARRY	High/Therapy
E015	Nov 1966	ALPAC	ALPAC Report	Report	Report/Archive	Defunded MT	No	MT Boom/AI Winter	High/Policy
E016	1966-72	SRI International	Shakey	Hardware	Tech Report/Video	Mobile Robot	Yes	None/Flakey	High/STRIPS
E017	1968	Peter Hart et al.	A\* Search	Algorithm	Paper/Citations	Pathfinding	No	Dijkstra/D\*	High/Robotics
E018	1969	Minsky, Papert	Perceptrons	Book	Book/Citations	XOR limits	No	Perceptron/MLP	High/Winter
E019	1970	Seppo Linnainmaa	Reverse Autodiff	Thesis	Thesis/Citations	Backprop math	Yes	Kelley/Werbos	High/DeepLearning
E020	1971	Fikes, Nilsson	STRIPS	Algorithm	Paper/Citations	Planning	No	GPS/PDDL	High/Shakey
E021	1972	Stanford U.	MYCIN	Software	Paper/Citations	Medical ES	No	DENDRAL/Cyc	High/Medicine
E022	1973	James Lighthill	Lighthill Report	Report	Report/Archive	UK AI Winter	No	ALPAC/Alvey	High/Policy
E023	1974	Paul Werbos	Beyond Regression	Thesis	Thesis/Citations	BP for NN	Yes	Linnainmaa/Hinton	High/ML
E024	1980	Kunihiko Fukushima	Neocognitron	Model	Paper/Citations	CNN Precursor	Yes	Hubel-Wiesel/LeNet	High/Vision
E025	1982	John Hopfield	Hopfield Net	Model	Paper/Citations	Recurrent NN	Yes	None/Boltzmann	High/Physics
E026	1983	DARPA	Strat. Computing	Event	Gov Docs/History	Funding Boom	No	AI Winter 1/Winter 2	High/Policy
E027	1984	Leslie Valiant	PAC Learning	Theory	Paper/Citations	Learning theory	No	None/VC Dimension	High/Math
E028	1986	Rumelhart, Hinton	BP Training	Paper	Nature/Citations	Modern Backprop	Yes	Werbos/LeCun	High/DeepLearning
E029	1988	Judea Pearl	Bayesian Nets	Book	Book/Citations	Probabilistic AI	No	None/Causal Inference	High/Stats
E030	1989	Yann LeCun	LeNet-1	Model	Paper/Citations	CNN	Yes	Neocognitron/AlexNet	High/Vision
E031	1989	Chris Watkins	Q-Learning	Algorithm	Thesis/Citations	RL	No	Samuel/DQN	High/MDP
E032	1992	Boser, Guyon, Vapnik	Kernel SVM	Algorithm	Paper/Citations	Kernel Trick	No	SVM/Random Forest	High/Stats
E033	1993	DARPA	SCI Shutdown	Event	Gov Docs/History	AI Winter 2	No	SCI/Modern AI	High/Policy
E034	1995	Cortes, Vapnik	SVM Networks	Paper	Machine Learning	SVM	Yes	Linear Class./Deep	High/Stats
E035	1997	IBM	Deep Blue	System	Press/Matches	Chess AI	Yes	Belle/AlphaZero	High/Games
E036	1997	Hochreiter, Schmid.	LSTM	Model	Neural Comp.	Recurrent	Yes	RNN/GRU	High/Seq
E037	2001	Leo Breiman	Random Forests	Algorithm	Paper/Citations	Ensembles	No	Trees/XGBoost	High/Stats
E038	2001	Viola, Jones	Face Detector	Algorithm	CVPR/Citations	Object Det.	No	Haar/YOLO	High/Vision
E039	2003	Yoshua Bengio	Neural Prob LM	Paper	JMLR/Citations	LM	Yes	N-gram/Word2Vec	High/NLP
E040	2004	Oh, Jung	GPU NN	Paper	Pattern Recog.	Hardware Accel	Yes	CPU NN/CUDA	High/Compute
E041	2006	Geoffrey Hinton	DBNs	Paper	Science/Citations	Unsupervised	Yes	RBM/AlexNet	High/Deep
E042	2009	Fei-Fei Li	ImageNet	Dataset	CVPR/Citations	Scale Data	No	PASCAL/LAION	High/Vision
E043	2011	IBM	Watson	System	Press/Jeopardy	QA System	No	DeepBlue/LLMs	High/NLP
E044	2011	Apple	Siri	Software	Product Release	Virtual Asst.	Yes	CALO/Alexa	High/Voice
E045	2012	Krizhevsky et al.	AlexNet	Model	NeurIPS/Citations	Deep CNN	No	LeNet/VGG	High/Vision
E046	2013	Tomas Mikolov	Word2Vec	Model	Paper/Citations	Embeddings	Yes	LSA/GloVe	High/NLP
E047	2013	DeepMind	DQN	Model	Nature/Citations	Deep RL	No	Q-Learning/PPO	High/Games
E048	2014	Goodfellow et al.	GANs	Model	NeurIPS/Citations	Generative	Yes	RBM/Diffusion	High/Vision
E049	2014	Sutskever et al.	Seq2Seq	Model	NeurIPS/Citations	Encoder-Decoder	Yes	LSTM/Attention	High/NLP
E050	2014	Dzmitry Bahdanau	Neural MT	Paper	ICLR/Citations	Attention	Yes	Seq2Seq/Transformer	High/NLP
E051	2014	Simonyan, Zisserman	VGGNet	Model	ICLR/Citations	CNN Depth	No	AlexNet/ResNet	High/Vision
E052	2014	Kingma, Ba	Adam	Algorithm	ICLR/Citations	Optimizer	No	SGD/AdamW	High/Math
E053	2015	Kaiming He et al.	ResNet	Model	CVPR/Citations	Residual	Yes	VGG/DenseNet	High/Vision
E054	2015	Google	TensorFlow	Software	Release/Docs	Framework	No	Theano/PyTorch	High/Dev
E055	2015	Redmon et al.	YOLO	Model	CVPR/Citations	Object Det.	No	R-CNN/SSD	High/Vision
E056	Mar 2016	Microsoft	Tay	Software	Press/Tweets	Chatbot Fail	No	ELIZA/ChatGPT	High/Safety
E057	2016	DeepMind	AlphaGo	Model	Nature/Matches	Go AI	Yes	CrazyStone/AlphaZero	High/Games
E058	2016	Meta	PyTorch	Software	Release/Docs	Framework	No	Torch/JAX	High/Dev
E059	Jun 2017	Vaswani et al.	Transformer	Model	NeurIPS/Citations	Self-Attention	Yes	Seq2Seq/BERT	High/NLP
E060	2017	DeepMind	AlphaZero	Model	Paper/Citations	Gen. RL	No	AlphaGo/MuZero	High/Games
E061	2018	Ha, Schmidhuber	World Models	Model	Paper/Citations	RL Env Model	Yes	Dyna/Dreamer	High/RL
E062	2018	OpenAI	GPT-1	Model	Tech Report	Decoder LM	Yes	Transformer/GPT-2	High/NLP
E063	Oct 2018	Google AI	BERT	Model	NAACL/Citations	Encoder LM	No	ELMo/RoBERTa	High/NLP
E064	2018	DeepMind	AlphaFold 1	Model	CASP/Paper	Biology	No	Rosetta/AlphaFold 2	High/Science
E065	2019	François Chollet	ARC Benchmark	Dataset	Paper/Citations	Reasoning Eval	No	IQ Tests/AGI Eval	High/Eval
E066	2019	NVIDIA	Megatron-LM	Model	Paper/Citations	LM Scaling	No	GPT-2/GPT-3	High/NLP
E067	Jan 2020	Kaplan et al.	Scaling Laws	Paper	arXiv/Citations	Predictable	Yes	None/Chinchilla	High/Theory
E068	May 2020	Lewis et al.	RAG	Model	NeurIPS/Citations	External Mem.	Yes	REALM/Toolformer	High/NLP
E069	Jun 2020	OpenAI	GPT-3	Model	NeurIPS/Citations	Few-shot	No	GPT-2/GPT-4	High/NLP
E070	2020	DeepMind	AlphaFold 2	Model	Nature/Citations	Structure	No	AF1/AF3	High/Science
E071	2021	OpenAI	DALL-E	Model	Tech Report	Multimodal	Yes	VQ-VAE/Stable Diff.	High/Vision
E072	2021	OpenAI	CLIP	Model	Tech Report	Vision-Language	Yes	None/Flamingo	High/Vision
E073	2021	GitHub	Copilot	Software	Product Release	Code Gen	Yes	Codex/Cursor	High/Dev
E074	2022	Hoffmann et al.	Chinchilla	Model	Paper/Citations	Compute Opt.	No	Kaplan/LLaMA	High/Theory
E075	2022	Stability AI	Stable Diff.	Model	Release	Open Diffusion	Yes	Imagen/SDXL	High/Vision
E076	2022	Midjourney	Midjourney	Model	Release	Gen Art	No	DALL-E/V6	High/Vision
E077	2022	OpenAI	Whisper	Model	Release	ASR	No	Wav2Vec/Seamless	High/Audio
E078	Nov 2022	OpenAI	ChatGPT	System	Release/Usage	RLHF Chatbot	Yes	InstructGPT/GPT-4	High/Adoption
E079	Feb 2023	Schick et al.	Toolformer	Model	arXiv/Citations	Tool Use	Yes	WebGPT/Agents	High/NLP
E080	2023	Meta	LLaMA	Model	Tech Report	Open Weights	Yes	OPT/Llama 2	High/Open
E081	2023	Anthropic	Claude 2	Model	Release	AI Assistant	No	Claude/Claude 3	High/NLP
E082	2023	Google	Gemini 1.0	Model	Tech Report	Native Multi.	Yes	PaLM/Gemini 1.5	High/Multi
E083	2023	Mistral AI	Mistral 7B	Model	Release	Efficient LM	No	LLaMA/Mixtral	High/Open
E084	Mar 2023	OpenAI	GPT-4	Model	Tech Report	Frontier	No	GPT-3.5/o1	High/NLP
E085	Feb 2024	OpenAI	Sora	Model	Demo	Text-to-Video	Yes	Make-a-Video/Gen-3	High/Video
E086	2024	Meta	Llama 3	Model	Tech Report	SOTA Open	No	Llama 2/Llama 4	High/Open
E087	2024	Anthropic	Claude 3 Opus	Model	Tech Report	Frontier	No	Claude 2/Opus 3.5	High/NLP
E088	2024	Google	Gemini 1.5	Model	Tech Report	Long Context	No	Gemini 1.0/2.0	High/Multi
E089	May 2024	Abramson, Jumper	AlphaFold 3	Model	Nature/Citations	Biomolecules	No	AF2/Unknown	High/Science
E090	Sep 2024	OpenAI	o1	Model	Tech Report	Inference RL	Yes	GPT-4/DeepSeek-R1	High/Reason
E091	Dec 2024	OpenAI	o1-dec5	Model	System Card	Eval Checkpoint	No	o1-preview/o3	High/Eval
E092	Dec 2024	DeepSeek	DeepSeek-V3	Model	Tech Report	Efficient MoE	No	V2/V4	High/MoE
E093	Jan 2025	DeepSeek	DeepSeek-R1 App	App	Release	RL Chatbot	No	V3/V4	High/App
E094	Jan 2025	DeepSeek	DeepSeek-R1	Model	arXiv	Pure RL	Yes	o1/Open-R1	High/Reason
E095	Jan 2025	DeepSeek	Cyberattack	Event	Press	Server down	No	None/None	High/Security
E096	Jan 2025	HuggingFace	Open-R1	Repo	GitHub	Replication	No	R1/Unknown	High/Open
E097	Feb 2025	Mercer et al.	R1 Analysis	Paper	arXiv	Hardware Ban	No	None/None	High/GeoPol
E098	Mar 2025	Bruegel	AI Policy Brief	Report	Publication	Market Impact	No	None/None	High/Econ
E099	Apr 2025	DeepSeek, Tsinghua	DeepSeek-GRM	Model	Paper	SPCT	No	R1/Unknown	High/Align
E100	Apr 2025	DeepSeek	Prover-V2	Model	Release	Formal Math	Yes	Lean/Prover-V3	High/Math
E101	May 2025	DeepSeek	R1-0528	Model	Release	R1 Update	No	R1/Unknown	High/Reason
E102	Sep 2025	DeepSeek	R1 Nature	Paper	Nature	RL Validation	No	arXiv/Full	High/Science
E103	2025	DeepSeek	Janus-Pro	Model	Tech Report	Multimodal	No	Janus/Unknown	High/Multi
E104	Jan 2026	DeepSeek	R1 Full	Paper	Publication	Full Details	No	Nature/Unknown	High/Science
E105	Apr 2026	DeepSeek	V4/V4 Pro	Model	Release	Next Gen	No	V3/Unknown	High/NLP

ᛗᚪᛡᚩᚱ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛋ

Entity ID	Exact Name	Domain	Notable Work
ENT-001	Alan Turing	Computing	Turing Test
ENT-002	John von Neumann	Computing	Architecture
ENT-003	Norbert Wiener	Cybernetics	Cybernetics
ENT-004	Warren McCulloch	Neuroscience	Artificial Neuron
ENT-005	Walter Pitts	Neuroscience	Artificial Neuron
ENT-006	Marvin Minsky	AI	SNARC, Perceptrons
ENT-007	Dean Edmonds	Engineering	SNARC
ENT-008	John McCarthy	AI	Lisp, Dartmouth
ENT-009	Claude Shannon	Information Theory	Dartmouth
ENT-010	Nathaniel Rochester	IBM	Dartmouth
ENT-011	Allen Newell	AI	Logic Theorist
ENT-012	Herbert Simon	AI	General Problem Solver
ENT-013	Frank Rosenblatt	AI	Perceptron
ENT-014	Arthur Samuel	AI	Checkers
ENT-015	Ray Solomonoff	AI	Dartmouth
ENT-016	Seppo Linnainmaa	Math	Backpropagation
ENT-017	Paul Werbos	AI	Neural Net Backprop
ENT-018	David Rumelhart	AI	Backpropagation
ENT-019	Geoffrey Hinton	AI	DBNs, AlexNet
ENT-020	Ronald Williams	AI	Backpropagation
ENT-021	Yann LeCun	AI	CNNs (LeNet)
ENT-022	Yoshua Bengio	AI	Neural LMs
ENT-023	Ian Goodfellow	AI	GANs
ENT-024	Ashish Vaswani	Google	Transformer
ENT-025	Noam Shazeer	Google	Transformer
ENT-026	Niki Parmar	Google	Transformer
ENT-027	Jakob Uszkoreit	Google	Transformer
ENT-028	Llion Jones	Google	Transformer
ENT-029	Aidan Gomez	Google	Transformer
ENT-030	Lukasz Kaiser	Google	Transformer
ENT-031	Illia Polosukhin	Google	Transformer
ENT-032	Kaiming He	Microsoft	ResNet
ENT-033	Jared Kaplan	OpenAI	Scaling Laws
ENT-034	Patrick Lewis	Meta	RAG
ENT-035	David Ha	Google	World Models
ENT-036	Jürgen Schmidhuber	AI	LSTM, World Models
ENT-037	François Chollet	Google	ARC Benchmark
ENT-038	Demis Hassabis	DeepMind	AlphaFold
ENT-039	John Jumper	DeepMind	AlphaFold
ENT-040	David Baker	Biology	Protein Design
ENT-041	Corinna Cortes	AT\&T	SVMs
ENT-042	Vladimir Vapnik	AT\&T	SVMs
ENT-043	Sepp Hochreiter	AI	LSTM
ENT-044	Ilya Sutskever	OpenAI	Seq2Seq, AlexNet
ENT-045	Sam Altman	OpenAI	CEO
ENT-046	Yannic Kilcher	Community	OpenAssistant
ENT-047	Fei-Fei Li	Stanford	ImageNet
ENT-048	Alex Krizhevsky	AI	AlexNet
ENT-049	Christian Jauvin	UMontreal	Neural LM
ENT-050	Pascal Vincent	UMontreal	Neural LM
ENT-051	Réjean Ducharme	UMontreal	Neural LM
ENT-052	Kyoung-Su Oh	AI	GPU NNs
ENT-053	Keechul Jung	AI	GPU NNs
ENT-054	John B. Carroll	Harvard	ALPAC
ENT-055	Eric P. Hamp	UChicago	ALPAC
ENT-056	David G. Hays	RAND	ALPAC
ENT-057	Charles F. Hockett	Cornell	ALPAC
ENT-058	Arthur Bryson	Control	Optimal Control
ENT-059	Henry Kelley	Control	Flight Paths
ENT-060	Stuart Dreyfus	Math	Chain Rule
ENT-061	Liang Wenfeng	DeepSeek	R1
ENT-062	Colin Raffel	Google	T5
ENT-063	Adam Roberts	Google	T5
ENT-064	Danqi Chen	Meta	DPR
ENT-065	Wen-tau Yih	Meta	RAG
ENT-066	Mike Lewis	Meta	RAG
ENT-067	Yinhan Liu	Meta	BART
ENT-068	Naman Goyal	Meta	BART
ENT-069	Marjan Ghazvininejad	Meta	BART
ENT-070	Abdelrahman Mohamed	Meta	BART
ENT-071	Omer Levy	Meta	BART
ENT-072	Veselin Stoyanov	Meta	BART
ENT-073	Luke Zettlemoyer	Meta	BART
ENT-074	Kelvin Guu	Google	REALM
ENT-075	Kenton Lee	Google	REALM
ENT-076	Zora Tung	Google	REALM
ENT-077	Panupong Pasupat	Google	REALM
ENT-078	Ming-Wei Chang	Google	REALM
ENT-079	Urvashi Khandelwal	AI	Nearest Neighbor LM
ENT-080	Dan Jurafsky	AI	NLP
ENT-081	Dartmouth College	Academia	1956 Workshop
ENT-082	SRI International	Lab	Shakey
ENT-083	DARPA	Gov	Strat. Computing
ENT-084	IBM	Corp	Deep Blue
ENT-085	Bell Labs	Corp	Info Theory
ENT-086	Google Brain	Corp	Transformer
ENT-087	DeepMind	Corp	AlphaGo
ENT-088	OpenAI	Corp	GPT
ENT-089	Meta AI	Corp	LLaMA
ENT-090	DeepSeek	Corp	R1
ENT-091	MIT	Academia	AI Lab
ENT-092	Stanford	Academia	AI Lab
ENT-093	Carnegie Mellon	Academia	AI Lab
ENT-094	RAND Corporation	Corp	ALPAC
ENT-095	Princeton	Academia	SNARC
ENT-096	Harvard	Academia	ALPAC
ENT-097	University of Toronto	Academia	Deep Learning
ENT-098	University of Montreal	Academia	MILA
ENT-099	NYU	Academia	CNNs
ENT-100	National Academy of Sciences	Gov	ALPAC Report

ᛗᛁᛚᛖᛋᛏᚩᚾᛖ ᚳᚪᚾᛞᛁᛞᚪᛏᛖᛋ

Milestone ID	Date	Exact Milestone	Significance
ML-001	1943	A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity	Foundation of neural logic
ML-002	1948	Cybernetics	Control theory establishment
ML-003	1950	Computing Machinery and Intelligence	Turing Test framework
ML-004	1951	SNARC	First neural network machine
ML-005	1955	Dartmouth Proposal	Coined "Artificial Intelligence"
ML-006	1956	Dartmouth Workshop	Birth of AI field
ML-007	1956	Logic Theorist	First symbolic AI
ML-008	1957	General Problem Solver	Means-ends analysis
ML-009	1958	The Perceptron	Trainable neural network
ML-010	1959	Checkers Program	First RL application
ML-011	1960	Gradient Theory of Optimal Flight Paths	BP mathematics
ML-012	1965	DENDRAL	First expert system
ML-013	1966	ELIZA	First conversational agent
ML-014	1966	ALPAC Report	Ended MT funding
ML-015	1966	Shakey the Robot	First reasoning robot
ML-016	1969	Perceptrons	Highlighted XOR limitation
ML-017	1970	Reverse mode of automatic differentiation	BP formalized
ML-018	1971	STRIPS planner	Action planning
ML-019	1972	MYCIN	Medical expert system
ML-020	1973	Lighthill Report	Sparked UK AI winter
ML-021	1974	Beyond Regression	BP applied to NNs
ML-022	1980	Neocognitron	Precursor to CNNs
ML-023	1982	Hopfield Networks	Associative memory
ML-024	1983	Strategic Computing Initiative	Massive AI funding
ML-025	1986	BP representations paper	Popularized BP
ML-026	1988	Probabilistic Reasoning	Bayesian networks
ML-027	1989	LeNet-1	Digit recognition CNN
ML-028	1989	Q-Learning	TD learning
ML-029	1995	Support-Vector Networks	SVM popularization
ML-030	1997	Deep Blue	AI defeats Chess champion
ML-031	1997	LSTM	Solved vanishing gradients
ML-032	2001	Random Forests	Ensemble dominance
ML-033	2003	Neural Probabilistic LM	Distributed word reps
ML-034	2004	GPU NN	Hardware acceleration
ML-035	2006	DBNs	Deep learning revival
ML-036	2009	ImageNet	Big data for vision
ML-037	2011	Watson	Open domain QA
ML-038	2012	AlexNet	Deep learning explosion
ML-039	2013	Word2Vec	Efficient embeddings
ML-040	2013	Deep Q-Network	Deep RL
ML-041	2014	GANs	Adversarial generation
ML-042	2014	Seq2Seq	Neural translation
ML-043	2014	Neural MT Alignment	Attention mechanism
ML-044	2015	ResNet	Deep residual connections
ML-045	2016	Microsoft Tay	AI safety warning
ML-046	2016	AlphaGo	AI defeats Go champion
ML-047	2017	Attention Is All You Need	Transformer architecture
ML-048	2018	World Models	Predictive RL
ML-049	2018	GPT-1	Decoder pre-training
ML-050	2018	BERT	Encoder pre-training
ML-051	2019	ARC Benchmark	Reasoning evaluation
ML-052	2020	Scaling Laws	Predictable AI scale
ML-053	2020	RAG	External memory injection
ML-054	2020	GPT-3	Few-shot prompting
ML-055	2021	DALL-E	Text-to-image synthesis
ML-056	2022	Chinchilla	Compute optimality
ML-057	2022	ChatGPT	Conversational RLHF
ML-058	2023	Toolformer	API integration
ML-059	2023	GPT-4	Frontier multimodal
ML-060	2024	Sora	Video generation
ML-061	2024	AlphaFold 3	Biochemical interactions
ML-062	2024	OpenAI o1	Inference time compute
ML-063	2025	DeepSeek-R1	Open pure RL
ML-064	2025	DeepSeek-Prover-V2	Automated math proof
ML-065	2026	DeepSeek V4	State of the art NLP
ML-066	1968	A\* Search Algorithm	Graph traversal
ML-067	1984	Valiant PAC Learning	Computational learning
ML-068	1992	SVM Kernel Trick	Non-linear classification
ML-069	2001	Viola-Jones	Real-time object detection
ML-070	2011	Siri	Voice assistants
ML-071	2014	VGGNet	CNN depth scaling
ML-072	2014	Adam Optimizer	Efficient training
ML-073	2015	TensorFlow	Open source framework
ML-074	2015	YOLO	One-stage detection
ML-075	2016	PyTorch	Dynamic graph framework
ML-076	2017	AlphaZero	Generalized self-play
ML-077	2018	AlphaFold 1	Protein folding start
ML-078	2019	Megatron-LM	Model parallelism
ML-079	2020	AlphaFold 2	Solved protein folding
ML-080	2021	CLIP	Contrastive learning
ML-081	2021	GitHub Copilot	Commercial AI coding
ML-082	2022	Stable Diffusion	Open weights image
ML-083	2022	Midjourney	High aesthetic generation
ML-084	2022	Whisper	Robust ASR
ML-085	2023	LLaMA	Open foundation
ML-086	2023	Claude 2	Constitutional AI
ML-087	2023	Gemini 1.0	Native multimodal
ML-088	2023	Mistral 7B	Small efficient models
ML-089	2024	Llama 3	Massively scaled open
ML-090	2024	Claude 3 Opus	Frontier intelligence
ML-091	2024	Gemini 1.5 Pro	Infinite context
ML-092	2025	DeepSeek-R1-0528	JSON/API functions
ML-093	2025	Janus-Pro	Open multimodal
ML-094	2025	Open-R1	Community reproduction
ML-095	2025	DeepSeek-GRM	Generative reward model
ML-096	2025	Brief analysis of DeepSeek R1	Geopolitical impact
ML-097	2026	OpenAI o3	Next gen reasoning
ML-098	2026	DeepSeek V4 Pro	Advanced language
ML-099	2025	R1 Nature publication	RL peer reviewed
ML-100	2026	Current Agentic AI	Goal driven actions

ᛞᛁᛋᛈᚢᛏᛖᛞ ᚠᛁᚱᛋᛏ ᚳᛚᚪᛁᛗᛋ

ᚻᛁᛋᛏᚩᚱᛁᚳᚪᛚ ᚳᛚᚪᛁᛗᛋ ᚩᚠ ᛈᚱᛖᚳᛖᛞᛖᚾᚳᛖ ᚪᚱᛖ ᚩᚠᛏᛖᚾ ᛞᛁᛋᛈᚢᛏᛖᛞ. ᚹᚻᛁᛚᛖ Paul Werbos ᛁᛋ ᚳᚱᛖᛞᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᛏᚻ ᚪᛈᛈᚚᚣᛁᚾᚷ backpropagation ᛏᚩ ᚾᛖᚢᚱᚪᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᚴᛋ, Seppo Linnainmaa ᚠᚩᚱᛗᚪᛚᛁᛣᛖᛞ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚪᛚᚷᚩᚱᛁᛏᚻᛗ ᛁᚾ 19705. ᛋᛁᛗᛁᛚᚪᚱᚚᚣ, ᛏᚻᛖ ᛏᛖᚱᛗ artificial intelligence ᚹᚪᛋ ᛋᛏᚱᚪᛏᛖᚷᛁᚳᚪᛚᛚᚣ ᚳᚻᚩᛋᛖᚾ ᛒᚣ John McCarthy ᛏᚩ ᛞᛁᛋᛏᚪᚾᚳᛖ ᚻᛁᛋ ᚹᚩᚱᚴ ᚠᚱᚩᛗ Norbert Wiener'ᛋ cybernetics18.

ID	Claim	Contenders	Resolution/Status
DSP-001	First Backpropagation	Linnainmaa, Werbos, Rumelhart	Linnainmaa (Math)
DSP-002	First Neural Network	SNARC, Perceptron	SNARC
DSP-003	First Mobile Reasoning Robot	Shakey, Stanford Cart	Shakey
DSP-004	First CNN	Neocognitron, LeNet	Neocognitron
DSP-005	First Deep Learning	Ivakhnenko, LeCun	Ivakhnenko
DSP-006	First Reinforcement Learning	Samuel Checkers, SNARC	SNARC
DSP-007	First AI Winter	ALPAC, Lighthill	ALPAC
DSP-008	First Attention Mechanism	Bahdanau, Graves	Bahdanau
DSP-009	First GAN	Goodfellow, Schmidhuber	Goodfellow
DSP-010	First Language Model	Shannon, Bengio	Shannon (N-gram)
DSP-011	First LLM	GPT-1, ELMo	GPT-1
DSP-012	First Word Embedding	Word2Vec, LSA	LSA
DSP-013	First Expert System	DENDRAL, MYCIN	DENDRAL
DSP-014	First GPU Neural Network	Oh/Jung, Catanzaro	Oh/Jung
DSP-015	First Machine Translation	Georgetown-IBM, Birkbeck	Birkbeck
DSP-016	First Turing Test Pass	ELIZA, Eugene Goostman	Disputed
DSP-017	First Transformer	Vaswani, Schmidhuber	Vaswani
DSP-018	First RLHF	OpenAI, DeepMind	DeepMind
DSP-019	First RAG	Lewis, Guu	Lewis
DSP-020	First Tool Use	Toolformer, WebGPT	WebGPT
DSP-021	First Autonomous Agent	AutoGPT, BabyAGI	AutoGPT
DSP-022	First Video Generation	Sora, Make-A-Video	Make-A-Video
DSP-023	First AI Scientist	AlphaFold, Adam	Adam
DSP-024	First Open Weights LLM	LLaMA, BLOOM	BLOOM
DSP-025	First Mixture of Experts	Shazeer, Jacobs	Jacobs
DSP-026	First Self-Attention	Cheng, Vaswani	Cheng
DSP-027	First Prompt Engineering	Brown, Radford	Radford
DSP-028	First Multimodal Model	CLIP, DALL-E	CLIP
DSP-029	First Scaling Law	Kaplan, Hestness	Hestness
DSP-030	First Diffusion Model	Sohl-Dickstein, Ho	Sohl-Dickstein
DSP-031	First Chatbot	ELIZA, PARRY	ELIZA
DSP-032	First AI Code Gen	Codex, AlphaCode	Codex
DSP-033	First Artificial Neuron	McCulloch-Pitts, Hodgkin	McCulloch-Pitts
DSP-034	First Cybernetics	Wiener, Turing	Wiener
DSP-035	First AI Term	McCarthy, Shannon	McCarthy
DSP-036	First World Model	Ha/Schmidhuber, Sutton	Sutton
DSP-037	First Inference Reasoning	o1, DeepSeek-R1	o1
DSP-038	First Pure RL LLM	DeepSeek-R1, AlphaGo	DeepSeek-R1
DSP-039	First GPU Accelerated SVM	Catanzaro, Oh	Catanzaro
DSP-040	First Quantum ML	Biamonte, Lloyd	Lloyd
DSP-041	First Sequence to Sequence	Sutskever, Cho	Sutskever
DSP-042	First Dropout	Hinton, Srivastava	Hinton
DSP-043	First Batch Normalization	Ioffe, Szegedy	Ioffe
DSP-044	First Residual Network	He, Schmidhuber	He
DSP-045	First Support Vector Machine	Cortes, Vapnik	Vapnik
DSP-046	First AI Ontology	Cyc, WordNet	Cyc
DSP-047	First Recurrent Neural Net	Hopfield, Elman	Hopfield
DSP-048	First AI Chess Win	Deep Blue, Belle	Deep Blue
DSP-049	First Go AI Win	AlphaGo, Crazy Stone	AlphaGo
DSP-050	First Theorem Prover	Logic Theorist, Prover	Logic Theorist

ᚠᚪᛁᛚᚢᚱᛖᛋ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᚪᛞ ᛖᚾᛞᛋ

ID	Failure/Dead End	Cause	Impact
FL-001	Microsoft Tay	Toxic data	PR disaster
FL-002	ALPAC Report Fallout	Overpromising	AI Winter
FL-003	Strategic Computing Init.	AGI failure	Defunding
FL-004	Lighthill Report Fallout	Combinatorial explosion	UK Winter
FL-005	Fifth Generation Computers	Hardware mismatch	Abandoned
FL-006	Expert Systems Crash	Brittleness	Lisp machine crash
FL-007	Perceptron XOR Limitation	Linear separability	NN abandonment
FL-008	Cyc Ontology	Manual entry scaling	Obsolescence
FL-009	IBM Watson for Oncology	Clinical mismatch	Market withdrawal
FL-010	Google Glass	Privacy	Consumer flop
FL-011	Apple Newton	Poor handwriting reco	Cancelled
FL-012	Amazon AI Recruiting Tool	Gender bias	Scrapped
FL-013	Zillow Offers Pricing	Market drift	Financial loss
FL-014	Meta Galactica	Severe hallucinations	Pulled offline
FL-015	Google Gemini Image Pause	Historical inaccuracy	Public apology
FL-016	Autonomous Driving L5	Edge cases	Delayed indefinitely
FL-017	OpenAI GPT-2 Withheld	Safety fears	Leaked anyway
FL-018	IBM DeepQA Commercial	Hard to scale	Spun down
FL-019	Symbolic AI Uncertainty	Rigidity	Shift to ML
FL-020	GOFAI Scalability	State space limits	Shift to RL
FL-021	Early Neural Translation	Vanishing gradients	Abandoned
FL-022	RNNs for Long Context	Catastrophic forgetting	Replaced by Attention
FL-023	Pure RL Self-Driving	Sample inefficiency	Hybrid models preferred
FL-024	OpenCyc	Lack of funding	Discontinued
FL-025	Google Flu Trends	Overfitting	Retired
FL-026	Shakey's Execution	Compute bottleneck	Slow adoption
FL-027	Early Speech Recognition	Speaker dependency	Replaced by DNNs
FL-028	Knowledge Acquisition	Manual labor	ML superiority
FL-029	Markov Logic Networks	Inference scaling	DL dominance
FL-030	Capsule Networks	Training efficiency	CNNs/ViTs remain
FL-031	Neural Turing Machines	Optimization issues	Abandoned
FL-032	Differentiable Neural Computers	Adoption failure	Transformers won
FL-033	IBM SyNAPSE	Ecosystem mismatch	Niche usage
FL-034	Jibo Robot	High cost/Low utility	Bankruptcy
FL-035	Anki Robot	Funding dry up	Bankruptcy
FL-036	Kismet	Narrow generalization	Academic only
FL-037	ELIZA Effect	Psychological bias	False AI hype
FL-038	Eurisko	Search space explosion	Abandoned
FL-039	Project Maven	Employee revolt	Contract dropped
FL-040	Uber Self-Driving	Fatal accident	Program sold
FL-041	Cruise Robotaxi Suspension	Pedestrian accident	Grounded
FL-042	AI Dungeon Filter	Over-censorship	User revolt
FL-043	Stack Overflow ChatGPT Ban	High inaccuracy	Policy shift
FL-044	CNET AI Articles	Plagiarism/Errors	Editorial pause
FL-045	Sports Illustrated AI Writers	Fake personas	Scandal
FL-046	DeepSeek Cyberattack	DDoS	Service disruption
FL-047	OpenAI o2 Naming	Trademark	Skipped to o3
FL-048	Early Machine Translation	No syntactic rules	ALPAC
FL-049	SNARC Digital Persistence	Analog limits	Shift to digital
FL-050	Turing Learning Machine	Theoretical only	Wait for hardware

ᚳᚹᚢᛖᛋᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚪᚾᛋᚹᛖᚱᛋ

1. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Cybernetics? A: Norbert Wiener20.

2. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ SNARC? A: Marvin Minsky ᚪᚾᛞ Dean Edmonds21.

3. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Dartmouth Proposal? A: John McCarthy ᚪᚾᛞ Claude Shannon18.

4. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Perceptron? A: Frank Rosenblatt22.

5. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Shakey the Robot? A: SRI International23.

6. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Reverse automatic differentiation? A: Seppo Linnainmaa5.

7. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Support-Vector Networks? A: Corinna Cortes ᚪᚾᛞ Vladimir Vapnik24.

8. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ A Neural Probabilistic Language Model? A: Yoshua Bengio25.

9. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ GPU-based implementation of artificial neural networks? A: Kyoung-Su Oh ᚪᚾᛞ Keechul Jung7.

10. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Generative Adversarial Nets? A: Ian Goodfellow ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱᛋ26.

11. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition? A: Kaiming He ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱᛋ27.

12. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Attention Is All You Need? A: Ashish Vaswani ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱᛋ28.

13. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ World Models? A: David Ha ᚪᚾᛞ Jürgen Schmidhuber29.

14. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ ARC Benchmark? A: François Chollet30.

15. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models? A: Jared Kaplan ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱᛋ15.

16. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks? A: Patrick Lewis ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱᛋ9.

17. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models? A: Hoffmann ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱᛋ31.

18. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools? A: Timo Schick ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᛏᚻᛖᚱᛋ11.

19. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ AlphaFold 3? A: Josh Abramson, Jonas Adler, ᚪᚾᛞ John Jumper14.

20. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᚳᚱᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ DeepSeek-R1? A: DeepSeek16.

21. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Cybernetics ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 194820.

22. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ SNARC ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 195121.

23. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Dartmouth Proposal ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 195518.

24. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Perceptron ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 195822.

25. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Shakey the Robot ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 196623.

26. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Reverse automatic differentiation ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 19705.

27. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Support-Vector Networks ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 199524.

28. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ A Neural Probabilistic Language Model ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 200325.

29. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ GPU-based implementation of artificial neural networks ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 20047.

30. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Generative Adversarial Nets ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 201426.

31. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 201627.

32. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Attention Is All You Need ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 201728.

33. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ World Models ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 201829.

34. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ ARC Benchmark ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 201930.

35. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 202015.

36. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 20209.

37. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 202231.

38. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ Toolformer ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 202311.

39. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ AlphaFold 3 ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 202414.

40. Q: ᚹᚻᛖᚾ ᚹᚪᛋ DeepSeek-R1 arXiv ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ? A: 202532.

41. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᚹᚪᛋ ᚱᛖᛚᛖᚪᛋᛖᛞ ᛒᚣ OpenAI ᛁᚾ 2024? A: OpenAI o117.

42. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᚹᚪᛋ ᚱᛖᛚᛖᚪᛋᛖᛞ ᛒᚣ DeepSeek ᛁᚾ 2026? A: DeepSeek V416.

43. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚱᛖᛈᚩᚱᛏ ᚳᚪᚢᛋᛖᛞ ᚪᚾ AI ᚹᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱ ᛁᚾ 1966? A: ALPAC Report1.

44. Q: ᚹᚻᛁᚳᚻ ᚱᚩᛒᚩᛏ ᚢᛋᛖᛞ STRIPS ᛏᚩ ᚱᛖᚪᛋᚩᚾ? A: Shakey the Robot33.

45. Q: ᚹᚻᚩ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛗᚪᛏᚻᛖᛗᚪᛏᛁᚳᛋ ᚩᚠ ᚱᛖᚡᛖᚱᛋᛖ ᚪᚢᛏᚩᛗᚪᛏᛁᚳ ᛞᛁᚠᚠᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏᛁᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ? A: Seppo Linnainmaa5.

46. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚠᛁᚱᛋᛏ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ ᚳᚩᚾᚡᚩᛚᚢᛏᛁᚩᚾᚪᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᚴ? A: Neocognitron

47. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛈᚪᛋᛋᛖᛞ ᛏᚻᛖ Turing Test ᚠᛁᚱᛋᛏ? A: ELIZA

48. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚪᚱᚳᚻᛁᛏᛖᚳᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᛈᛚᚪᚳᛖᛞ RNNs? A: Transformer

49. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛈᚱᚩᚷᚱᚪᛗ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Garry Kasparov? A: Deep Blue

50. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚪᛏᛖᛞ Lee Sedol? A: AlphaGo

51. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ ResNet? A: Residual connections

52. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ Transformer? A: Self-attention

53. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ GANs? A: Adversarial training

54. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ DeepSeek-R1? A: Pure reinforcement learning34

55. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ RAG? A: Non-parametric memory10

56. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ AlphaFold 3? A: Biomolecular interaction prediction14

57. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ Toolformer? A: API usage via self-teaching11

58. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ World Models? A: Generative neural network environment simulation35

59. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ Scaling Laws? A: Predictable power-law loss15

60. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᚳᚩᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᚩᚡᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ Chinchilla? A: Compute-optimal scaling

61. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛞᚪᛏᚪᛋᛖᛏ ᛞᚱᚩᚡᛖ ᚳᚩᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᚡᛁᛋᛁᚩᚾ? A: ImageNet

62. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛒᛖᚾᚳᚻᛗᚪᚱᚴ ᛗᛖᚪᛋᚢᚱᛖᛋ ᚱᛖᚪᛋᚩᚾᛁᚾᚷ? A: ARC Benchmark30

63. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛈᚱᚩᚡᛖᛋ ᛏᚻᛖᚩᚱᛖᛗᛋ? A: DeepSeek-Prover-V216

64. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᛖᛞ Shakey? A: DARPA33

65. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᛖᛞ Strategic Computing Initiative? A: DARPA3

66. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ ALPAC? A: National Academy of Sciences2

67. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚻᚩᛋᛏᛖᛞ 1956 ᚹᚩᚱᚴᛋᚻᚩᛈ? A: Dartmouth College19

68. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛏ Deep Blue? A: IBM

69. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛏ AlphaGo? A: DeepMind

70. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛏ ChatGPT? A: OpenAI

71. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛏ R1? A: DeepSeek

72. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛏ LLaMA? A: Meta AI

73. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚩᚱᚷᚪᚾᛁᛣᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ Attention Is All You Need? A: Google36

74. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚻᚪᚱᛞᚹᚪᚱᛖ ᚪᚳᚳᛖᛚᛖᚱᚪᛏᛖᛞ ᛞᛖᛖᛈ ᛚᛖᚪᚱᚾᛁᚾᚷ? A: GPU

75. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚻᚪᚱᛞᚹᚪᚱᛖ ᚱᚪᚾ SNARC? A: Vacuum tubes37

76. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚻᚪᚱᛞᚹᚪᚱᛖ ᚱᚪᚾ DeepSeek-V3? A: H800 GPUs16

77. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛗᚪᛁᚾ ᛚᚪᚾᚷᚢᚪᚷᛖ ᚩᚠ ᛖᚪᚱᛚᚣ AI? A: Lisp21

78. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛗᚪᛁᚾ ᛚᚪᚾᚷᚢᚪᚷᛖ ᚩᚠ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᚱᚾ AI? A: Python

79. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛚᛁᚳᛖᚾᛋᛖ ᚩᚠ DeepSeek-R1? A: MIT License16

80. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛚᛁᚳᛖᚾᛋᛖ ᚩᚠ GPT-4? A: Proprietary

81. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚠᛁᛖᛚᛞ ᛞᛁᛞ ALPAC ᚳᚱᚢᛋᚻ? A: Machine Translation1

82. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚠᛁᛖᛚᛞ ᛞᛁᛞ AlphaFold ᚱᛖᚡᚩᚩᚢᛏᛁᚩᚾᛁᛣᛖ? A: Biology14

83. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚠᛁᛖᛚᛞ ᛞᛁᛞ Deep Blue ᚱᛖᚡᚩᚩᚢᛏᛁᚩᚾᛁᛣᛖ? A: Chess

84. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᚠᛁᛖᛚᛞ ᛞᛁᛞ ImageNet ᚱᛖᚡᚩᚩᚢᛏᛁᚩᚾᛁᛣᛖ? A: Computer Vision

85. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᚳᚩᛗᛒᛁᚾᛖᛞ GRM ᚪᚾᛞ SPCT? A: DeepSeek-GRM16

86. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᚢᛋᛖᛞ ᛗᛁᛉᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚩᚠ ᛖᛉᛈᛖᚱᛏᛋ ᛁᚾ 2025? A: DeepSeek-V338

87. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᚢᛋᛖᛞ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁ ᛏᚩᚴᛖᚾ ᛈᚱᛖᛞᛁᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾ? A: DeepSeek-V339

88. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛋᚢᚱᛈᚪᛋᛋᛖᛞ ᚳᚻᚪᛏᚷᛈᛏ ᛞᚩᚹᚾᛚᚩᚪᛞᛋ? A: DeepSeek-R116

89. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᚹᚪᛋ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᚩᛞᚢᚳᛖᛞ ᛒᚣ HuggingFace? A: Open-R140

90. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛈᚱᚩᚡᛖᛞ ᚱᛖᛁᚾᚠᚩᚱᚳᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛚᛖᚪᚱᚾᛁᚾᚷ ᛋᚳᚪᛚᛁᚾᚷ? A: DeepSeek-R134

91. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚳᚩᛞᛖᚾᚪᛗᛖᛞ Strawberry? A: OpenAI o113

92. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛖᚪᚱᛚᚣ ᛚᚩᚷᛁᚳ ᛈᚱᚩᚡᛖᚱ? A: Logic Theorist

93. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛖᚪᚱᛚᚣ ᚳᚻᛖᚳᚴᛖᚱᛋ ᛈᛚᚪᚣᛖᚱ? A: Arthur Samuel Checkers Program

94. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛖᚪᚱᛚᚣ ᚡᛁᛋᛁᚩᚾ ᛋᚣᛋᛏᛖᛗ? A: Neocognitron

95. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪ ᛋᚣᛗᛒᚩᛚᛁᚳ ᚱᛖᚪᛋᚩᚾᛖᚱ? A: General Problem Solver

96. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪ ᚾᛖᚢᚱᚪᛚ ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᛏᚱᚪᚾᛋᛚᚪᛏᚩᚱ? A: Seq2Seq

97. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪ ᛞᛁᚠᚠᚢᛋᛁᚩᚾ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ? A: Stable Diffusion

98. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪ ᛏᚩᚩᛚ ᚢᛋᛖᚱ? A: Toolformer11

99. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛚᛞ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ? A: World Models29

100. Q: ᚹᚻᚪᛏ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚪᚷᛖᚾᛏᛁᚳ ᛋᚣᛋᛏᛖᛗ? A: AutoGPT

ᚳᚻᚱᚩᚾᛁᚳᛚᛖ ᛏᚩᛈᛁᚳᛋ

Topic ID	Exact Topic
TPC-001	Cybernetics Origins
TPC-002	Dartmouth Workshop Context
TPC-003	Perceptron Architecture
TPC-004	ALPAC Report Impact
TPC-005	Early Machine Translation
TPC-006	Logic Theorist Mathematics
TPC-007	SNARC Hardware Design
TPC-008	Lighthill Report Consequences
TPC-009	Strategic Computing Initiative Goals
TPC-010	Expert Systems Boom
TPC-011	Fifth Generation Computer Systems
TPC-012	Backpropagation Derivations
TPC-013	Convolutional Neural Networks Evolution
TPC-014	Recurrent Neural Networks Architecture
TPC-015	Long Short-Term Memory Design
TPC-016	Support Vector Machines Theory
TPC-017	Statistical Learning Turn
TPC-018	ImageNet Competition
TPC-019	AlexNet Breakthrough
TPC-020	GPU Acceleration in AI
TPC-021	Generative Adversarial Networks
TPC-022	Word2Vec and Embeddings
TPC-023	Sequence to Sequence Models
TPC-024	Attention Mechanism Origins
TPC-025	Transformer Architecture
TPC-026	BERT Pre-training
TPC-027	GPT-1 Scaling
TPC-028	GPT-3 Few-Shot Learning
TPC-029	Scaling Laws Formulation
TPC-030	Chinchilla Compute Optimality
TPC-031	Retrieval-Augmented Generation
TPC-032	Tool Use in Language Models
TPC-033	Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
TPC-034	Proximal Policy Optimization
TPC-035	Deep Q-Learning
TPC-036	AlphaGo Development
TPC-037	AlphaZero Generalization
TPC-038	AlphaFold Protein Folding
TPC-039	World Models Simulation
TPC-040	Diffusion Models Theory
TPC-041	Stable Diffusion Release
TPC-042	Midjourney Aesthetics
TPC-043	DALL-E Multimodality
TPC-044	Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training
TPC-045	Large Language Model Reasoning
TPC-046	Chain of Thought Prompting
TPC-047	Tree of Thoughts
TPC-048	Test-Time Compute Scaling
TPC-049	OpenAI o1 Architecture
TPC-050	DeepSeek-R1 Reinforcement Learning
TPC-051	Mixture of Experts Scaling
TPC-052	Multi-Head Latent Attention
TPC-053	Multi-Token Prediction
TPC-054	Open Weights Movement
TPC-055	LLaMA Model Family
TPC-056	Mistral Architecture
TPC-057	Claude Model Family
TPC-058	Gemini Multimodality
TPC-059	Sora Video Generation
TPC-060	AI Code Generation
TPC-061	Autonomous AI Agents
TPC-062	AI in Scientific Discovery
TPC-063	Robotics and Planning
TPC-064	Shakey the Robot Architecture
TPC-065	STRIPS Planning System
TPC-066	Autonomous Driving Levels
TPC-067	Neuromorphic Hardware
TPC-068	AI Safety and Alignment
TPC-069	AI Censorship and Bias
TPC-070	AI Copyright Controversies
TPC-071	AI Environmental Impact
TPC-072	AI Hardware Export Bans
TPC-073	H800 GPU Efficiency
TPC-074	AI Economic Disruption
TPC-075	Microsoft Tay Incident
TPC-076	Galactica Hallucinations
TPC-077	AI Benchmark Saturation
TPC-078	ARC Benchmark Logic
TPC-079	Generative Reward Modeling
TPC-080	Self-Principled Critique Tuning
TPC-081	Formal Theorem Proving
TPC-082	Lean Proof Assistant in AI
TPC-083	AI Chatbot Evolution
TPC-084	ELIZA Effect
TPC-085	Turing Test Relevance
TPC-086	AI Winter Cycles
TPC-087	Symbolic vs Connectionist Debate
TPC-088	Unsupervised Learning Progress
TPC-089	Self-Supervised Learning
TPC-090	Masked Language Modeling
TPC-091	Next-Token Prediction
TPC-092	Contrastive Learning
TPC-093	Transfer Learning
TPC-094	Zero-Shot Adaptation
TPC-095	Prompt Engineering
TPC-096	AI Red Teaming
TPC-097	AI Preparedness Frameworks
TPC-098	General Artificial Intelligence
TPC-099	Superintelligence Theory
TPC-100	Future AI Paradigms

ᚳᚩᚾᚳᛚᚢᛋᛁᚩᚾ

ᛏᚻᛖ ᚻᛁᛋᛏᚩᚱᚣ ᚩᚠ ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚳᛖ ᛁᛋ ᚪ ᛏᛖᛋᛏᚪᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛏᚩ ᛏᚻᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᛚᚪᚣ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᛏᚻᛖᚩᚱᛖᛏᛁᚳᚪᛚ ᛒᚱᛖᚪᚴᛏᚻᚱᚩᚢᚷᚻᛋ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚻᚪᚱᛞᚹᚪᚱᛖ ᚪᚳᚳᛖᛚᛖᚱᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ. ᛏᚻᛁᛋ ᚱᛖᛈᚩᚱᛏ ᛈᚱᚩᚡᛁᛞᛖᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛖᛉᚻᚪᚢᛋᛏᛁᚡᛖ ᚳᚻᚱᚩᚩᚩᛚᚩᚷᚣ ᚠᚱᚩᛗ 1940 ᛏᚩ 2026\. ᛏᚻᛖ ᛖᚪᚱᛚᚣ ᛖᚱᚪ ᚹᚪᛋ ᛞᚩᛗᛁᚾᚪᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᚣ ᛋᚣᛗᛒᚩᛚᛁᚳ ᛚᚩᚷᛁᚳ ᚪᚾᛞ cybernetics. ᚻᚩᚹᛖᚡᛖᚱ, ᛏᚻᛖ ᛚᛁᛗᛁᛏᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ ᚩᚠ ᛏᚻᛖᛋᛖ ᛋᚣᛋᛏᛖᛗᛋ ᛒᛖᚳᚪᛗᛖ ᚪᛈᛈᚪᚱᛖᚾᛏ, ᛚᛖᚪᛞᛁᚾᚷ ᛏᚩ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᛁᚾᚷ ᚳᚢᛏᛋ ᛚᛁᚴᛖ ᛏᚻᛖ ALPAC Report1. ᛏᚻᛖ ᚱᛖᛋᚢᚱᚷᛖᚾᚳᛖ ᚩᚠ ᚾᛖᚢᚱᚪᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᚴᛋ ᚹᚪᛋ ᛞᚱᛁᚡᛖᚾ ᛒᚣ backpropagation5 ᚪᚾᛞ ᛗᚩᚩᚱᛖ'ᛋ ᛚᚪᚹ. ᛏᚻᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚩᛞᚢᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚠ transformers ᛁᚾ 201728 ᚪᚾᛞ ᛋᚳᚪᛚᛁᚾᚷ ᛚᚪᚹᛋ ᛁᚾ 202015 ᛚᛖᛞ ᛏᚩ large language models. ᚱᛖᚳᛖᚾᛏᛚᚣ, ᛏᚻᛖ ᚠᚩᚳᚢᛋ ᚻᚪᛋ ᛋᚻᛁᚠᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᚩ inference-time reasoning, ᛖᛉᛖᛗᛈᛚᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ ᛒᚣ OpenAI o117 ᚪᚾᛞ DeepSeek-R116. ᛏᚻᛁᛋ ᛞᚩᚳᚢᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛈᚱᛖᛋᛖᚱᚡᛖᛋ ᛏᚻᛁᛋ ᛈᚱᚩᚷᚱᛖᛋᛋᛁᚩᚾ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᚪᚾᛖᚾᛏ ᚱᛖᚳᚩᚱᛞ.

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